Evaluation of Natural Additives to Enhance the Persistence of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) Under Field Conditions in Saudi Arabia
Koko Dwi Sutanto,1 Said El Salamouny,1,2 Muhammad Tufail,1,3,4 Khawaja Ghulam Rasool,1 Sukirno Sukirno,1,5 Merle Shepard,6 Martin Shapiro,6 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
1 Economic Entomology Research Unit (EERU), Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (kokodwisutanto@yahoo.com; said_elsalamouny@yahoo.com; mtufail@ksu.edu.sa; krasool@ksu.edu.sa; sukirnobiougm@ugm.ac.id; aldawood@ksu.edu.sa), 2 Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, 3 Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Japan, 4 Corresponding author, e-mail: mtufail@ksu.edu.sa, 5 Entomology Laboratory, Faculty Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, and 6 Coastal Research and Educational Center, Clemson University, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC (gcarner@clemson.edu; mshapir@clemson.edu)
Subject Editor: Denny Bruck Received 3 October 2016; Editorial decision 20 February 2017
Abstract Nucleopolyhedrovirus is an effective biocontrol agent but for its biggest disadvantage of short persistence under sunlight conditions. In this study, 10 plant extracts were evaluated as ultraviolet (UV) protectants to improve the persistence of Spodoptera littoralis multiple-embedded nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) against
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPINOSAD AND NEEM EXTRACT AGAINST Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) AND Spodoptera exigua (HUBNER): EXPLORING POSSIBILITIES TO ENHANCE THE BIO-PESTICIDE PERSISTENCE WITH NATURAL UV PROTECTANTS UNDER FIELD-SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS OF SAUDI ARABIA
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3* , Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1 , Said El Salamouny1,4 , Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
1Economic Entomology Research Unit (EERU), Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11450, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; 3Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Japan; 4Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. *Corresponding author’s e-mail: mtufail@ksu.edu.sa; mtufail.ksu@gmail.com
Ultraviolet (UV) sunlight is considered to be the core factor reducing efficacy of bio-pesticides especially under the sunnyfield conditions. The effectiveness and persistence of two bio-pesticides neem plant extract and spinosad were evaluated under the simulated and field conditions against the cotton army worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). Our findings indicate that persistence of both the bio-pesticides was significantly reduced at 21 day post-application when tested against first instar larvae of the S. exigua. However, the use of natural UV protectants henna and clove, screened in the present study had conserved the effectiveness of both bio-pesticides at 21-day post treatment against the neonate larvae of S. exigua. In contrast, when the bio-pesticides were applied against neonate larvae of S. littoralis, only spinosad formulated with green tea and clove was found effective at